Molecular clouds are enormous, massive structures - tens of parsecs across and containing up to millions of solar masses of material. Their internal structure and dynamics are controlled by the combined action of self-gravity and magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. To understand the processes that lead to the formation of stars within these clouds, we will analyse their spatial and dynamic structure through a variety of advanced statistical methods. This PhD project is primarily observational, but will include work on supercomputer simulations of star-forming clouds.